ESTIMATING PRIVATE SECTOR OUT-OF-POCKET EXPENDITURES ON FAMILY PLANNING COMMODITIES IN LOW-AND-MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES

Estimating private sector out-of-pocket expenditures on family planning commodities in low-and-middle-income countries

Introduction The role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).Calculating OOP expenditures is important to illuminate the magnitude of these contributions and to

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Metaheuristic algorithms for building Covering Arrays: A review

Covering Arrays (CA) nail polish remover are mathematical objects used in the functional testing of software components.They enable the testing of all interactions of a given size of input parameters in a procedure, function, or logical unit in general, using the minimum number of test cases.Building CA is a complex task (NP-complete problem) that

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